Bartram’s Garden Chemical Contamination
This blog post was written by Stefanie Kroll, for the Riverways blog.
Philadelphians were alerted last month to possible industrial pollutants spilling over the Bartram’s Mile Trail at Bartram’s Garden. Authorities have assured everyone that there are few to no environmental or health impacts, but lingering concerns about their response remain. It should be noted that Bartram’s Garden is fully open and they’ve taken precautions to ensure visitor safety and prevent contact with the nearby pollution discussed in this post.
It was a visitor who eventually alerted local officials and Bartram’s Garden about the situation in July, although the odd green substance, later determined to be chromium, was first seen in April. It is not clear why there was such a reporting delay or why the PA Dept. of Environmental Protection (PADEP) did not notify potentially affected parties about the possibly hazardous liquid. Once PADEP determined that the substance was not a direct threat to the drinking water supply because the location was well downstream of the drinking water intakes, it was deemed a non-threat overall and no further notifications were warranted. However, although it was not a drinking water issue, and although it is considered low risk to aquatic environments, contact with chromium can pose health concerns. Chromium is considered a mutagen by the EPA. Some forms of the metal present a cancer risk after prolonged inhalation or ingestion, and acute effects involve skin damage and allergic reactions. PADEP acknowledged that the recent Bartram’s sampling found 4 of 11 soil samples exceeded their standard. While, again, there was no hazard to drinking water, we think these potential exposures were serious enough to merit a swifter public notice on the part of PADEP.
PADEP also concluded that although the substance was a potential pollutant and presented an ongoing issue, it did not constitute an environmental violation. Both the Philadelphia Water Department and the Philadelphia Fire Department Hazardous Materials Unit determined there was no contaminated runoff – and it is indeed possible that the ooze was coming from the subsurface. The entire area is underlain by highly porous sand and gravel, so contaminated liquids could move easily through the ground. Still, the trail walker observed some overland flow at this point and there is likely some subsurface contact with river water. In both instances it is safe to say the substance is getting into the river whether it’s a clear regulatory violation or not.
What’s concerning is the lack of regulatory curiosity as to where this green ooze is coming from. Chromium is a byproduct of steel manufacturing and this land area adjacent to Bartram’s Garden has a long history of industrial use, and specifically, steel production. The Ryerson company manufactured steel nearby and was in operation for at least half a century. A 1980 study by the USGS found a tiny percentage of groundwater samples collected in Philadelphia exceeded the EPA standard for chromium and these concentrations were attributed to industrial processes. While the 1980 USGS study did not find a widespread problem in Philadelphia, another Ryerson steel plant in Oregon was cited by the EPA as a contributor to a Superfund site. ALL samples taken as part of that environmental study contained chromium.
We believe the likely source of the chromium at Bartram’s Garden is the old steel plant one quarter of a mile away. If that is the source of the chromium, we wonder how widespread this contamination is, and we believe it warrants a broader investigation prior to adaptive reuse at this site. At a minimum, Bartram’s Garden and Southwest Philadelphia residents should be provided detailed information from the state about the risks to park visitors, nearby neighbors, and the general public.
For further information about the incident and conditions on the ground, Bartram’s Garden has an informative webpage.
